API/REGRESS: partial revert of f8b6208

     allow assignment of a column in a frame with a scalar with no index (so adds to the columns),
     instead of raising; this preservers 0.12 behavior

Author: jreback

pandas/core/frame.py

@@ -1916,10 +1916,11 @@ def _ensure_valid_index(self, value):
                                      'Series')
                 self._data.set_axis(1, value.index.copy(), check_axis=False)
 
+            # we are a scalar
+            # noop
             else:
-                raise ValueError('Cannot set a frame with no defined index '
-                                 'and a value that cannot be converted to a '
-                                 'Series')
+
+                pass
 
     def _set_item(self, key, value):
         """

pandas/tests/test_indexing.py

@@ -1778,14 +1778,12 @@ def f():
         # don't create rows when empty
         df = DataFrame({"A": [1, 2, 3], "B": [1.2, 4.2, 5.2]})
         y = df[df.A > 5]
-        def f():
-            y['New'] = np.nan
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, f)
+        y['New'] = np.nan
+        assert_frame_equal(y,DataFrame(columns=['A','B','New']))
 
         df = DataFrame(columns=['a', 'b', 'c c'])
-        def f():
-            df['d'] = 3
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, f)
+        df['d'] = 3
+        assert_frame_equal(df,DataFrame(columns=['a','b','c c','d']))
         assert_series_equal(df['c c'],Series(name='c c',dtype=object))
 
         # reindex columns is ok