Warn on inline given aliases with functions as RHS (#16499)

```scala
    inline given a: Conversion[String, Item] = Item(_)
```
will now produce this warning:
```
 5 |  inline given a: Conversion[String, Item] = Item(_)
   |                                             ^^^^^^^
   |An inline given alias with a function value as right-hand side can significantly increase
   |generated code size. You should either drop the `inline` or rewrite the given with an
   |explicit `apply` method.
   |----------------------------------------------------------------------------
   | Explanation (enabled by `-explain`)
   |- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
   | A function value on the right-hand side of an inline given alias expands to
   | an anonymous class. Each application of the inline given will then create a
   | fresh copy of that class, which can increase code size in surprising ways.
   | For that reason, functions are discouraged as right hand sides of inline given aliases.
   | You should either drop `inline` or rewrite to an explicit `apply` method. E.g.
   |
   |     inline given Conversion[A, B] = x => x.toB
   |
   | should be re-formulated as
   |
   |     inline given Conversion[A, B] with
   |       def apply(x: A) = x.toB
   |
```
Fixes #16497
Alternative to #16498

Author: odersky

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/ErrorMessageID.scala

@@ -187,6 +187,7 @@ enum ErrorMessageID(val isActive: Boolean = true) extends java.lang.Enum[ErrorMe
   case MissingArgumentID // errorNumer 171
   case MissingImplicitArgumentID // errorNumber 172
   case CannotBeAccessedID // errorNumber 173
+  case InlineGivenShouldNotBeFunctionID // errorNumber 174
 
   def errorNumber = ordinal - 1
 

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/reporting/messages.scala

@@ -2769,4 +2769,24 @@ extends ReferenceMsg(CannotBeAccessedID):
     i"$whatCanNot be accessed as a member of $pre$where.$whyNot"
   def explain(using Context) = ""
 
+class InlineGivenShouldNotBeFunction()(using Context)
+extends SyntaxMsg(InlineGivenShouldNotBeFunctionID):
+  def msg(using Context) =
+    i"""An inline given alias with a function value as right-hand side can significantly increase
+       |generated code size. You should either drop the `inline` or rewrite the given with an
+       |explicit `apply` method."""
+  def explain(using Context) =
+    i"""A function value on the right-hand side of an inline given alias expands to
+       |an anonymous class. Each application of the inline given will then create a
+       |fresh copy of that class, which can increase code size in surprising ways.
+       |For that reason, functions are discouraged as right hand sides of inline given aliases.
+       |You should either drop `inline` or rewrite to an explicit `apply` method. E.g.
+       |
+       |    inline given Conversion[A, B] = x => x.toB
+       |
+       |should be re-formulated as
+       |
+       |    given Conversion[A, B] with
+       |      inline def apply(x: A) = x.toB
+     """
 

compiler/src/dotty/tools/dotc/typer/Typer.scala

@@ -2374,6 +2374,10 @@ class Typer(@constructorOnly nestingLevel: Int = 0) extends Namer
     if sym.isInlineMethod then
       if StagingContext.level > 0 then
         report.error("inline def cannot be within quotes", sym.sourcePos)
+      if sym.is(Given)
+          && untpd.stripBlock(untpd.unsplice(ddef.rhs)).isInstanceOf[untpd.Function]
+      then
+        report.warning(InlineGivenShouldNotBeFunction(), ddef.rhs.srcPos)
       val rhsToInline = PrepareInlineable.wrapRHS(ddef, tpt1, rhs1)
       PrepareInlineable.registerInlineInfo(sym, rhsToInline)
 

tests/neg-custom-args/fatal-warnings/inline-givens.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+class Item(x: String)
+
+inline given a: Conversion[String, Item] =
+  Item(_)  // error
+
+inline given b: Conversion[String, Item] =
+  (x => Item(x))  // error
+
+inline given c: Conversion[String, Item] =
+  { x => Item(x) }  // error
+
+inline given d: Conversion[String, Item] with
+  def apply(x: String) = Item(x) // ok
+