feat: adds dynamic routing. (googleapis#1135)

feat: adds dynamic routing files.

Author: Aza Tulepbergenov

gapic/schema/wrappers.py

@@ -33,12 +33,13 @@
 import re
 from itertools import chain
 from typing import (Any, cast, Dict, FrozenSet, Iterator, Iterable, List, Mapping,
-                    ClassVar, Optional, Sequence, Set, Tuple, Union)
+                    ClassVar, Optional, Sequence, Set, Tuple, Union, Pattern)
 from google.api import annotations_pb2      # type: ignore
 from google.api import client_pb2
 from google.api import field_behavior_pb2
 from google.api import http_pb2
 from google.api import resource_pb2
+from google.api import routing_pb2
 from google.api_core import exceptions
 from google.api_core import path_template
 from google.cloud import extended_operations_pb2 as ex_ops_pb2  # type: ignore
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
 
 from gapic import utils
 from gapic.schema import metadata
+from gapic.utils import uri_sample
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -763,6 +765,118 @@ class RetryInfo:
     retryable_exceptions: FrozenSet[exceptions.GoogleAPICallError]
 
 
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class RoutingParameter:
+    field: str
+    path_template: str
+
+    def _split_into_segments(self, path_template):
+        segments = path_template.split("/")
+        named_segment_ids = [i for i, x in enumerate(
+            segments) if "{" in x or "}" in x]
+        # bar/{foo}/baz, bar/{foo=one/two/three}/baz.
+        assert len(named_segment_ids) <= 2
+        if len(named_segment_ids) == 2:
+            # Need to merge a named segment.
+            i, j = named_segment_ids
+            segments = (
+                segments[:i] +
+                [self._merge_segments(segments[i: j + 1])] + segments[j + 1:]
+            )
+        return segments
+
+    def _convert_segment_to_regex(self, segment):
+        # Named segment
+        if "{" in segment:
+            assert "}" in segment
+            # Strip "{" and "}"
+            segment = segment[1:-1]
+            if "=" not in segment:
+                # e.g. {foo} should be {foo=*}
+                return self._convert_segment_to_regex("{" + f"{segment}=*" + "}")
+            key, sub_path_template = segment.split("=")
+            group_name = f"?P<{key}>"
+            sub_regex = self._convert_to_regex(sub_path_template)
+            return f"({group_name}{sub_regex})"
+        # Wildcards
+        if "**" in segment:
+            # ?: nameless capture
+            return ".*"
+        if "*" in segment:
+            return "[^/]+"
+        # Otherwise it's collection ID segment: transformed identically.
+        return segment
+
+    def _merge_segments(self, segments):
+        acc = segments[0]
+        for x in segments[1:]:
+            # Don't add "/" if it's followed by a "**"
+            # because "**" will eat it.
+            if x == ".*":
+                acc += "(?:/.*)?"
+            else:
+                acc += "/"
+                acc += x
+        return acc
+
+    def _how_many_named_segments(self, path_template):
+        return path_template.count("{")
+
+    def _convert_to_regex(self, path_template):
+        if self._how_many_named_segments(path_template) > 1:
+            # This also takes care of complex patterns (i.e. {foo}~{bar})
+            raise ValueError("There must be exactly one named segment. {} has {}.".format(
+                path_template, self._how_many_named_segments(path_template)))
+        segments = self._split_into_segments(path_template)
+        segment_regexes = [self._convert_segment_to_regex(x) for x in segments]
+        final_regex = self._merge_segments(segment_regexes)
+        return final_regex
+
+    def _to_regex(self, path_template: str) -> Pattern:
+        """Converts path_template into a Python regular expression string.
+        Args:
+            path_template (str): A path template corresponding to a resource name.
+                It can only have 0 or 1 named segments. It can not contain complex resource ID path segments.
+                See https://google.aip.dev/122, https://google.aip.dev/4222
+                 and https://google.aip.dev/client-libraries/4231 for more details.
+        Returns:
+            Pattern: A Pattern object that matches strings conforming to the path_template.
+        """
+        return re.compile(f"^{self._convert_to_regex(path_template)}$")
+
+    def to_regex(self) -> Pattern:
+        return self._to_regex(self.path_template)
+
+    @property
+    def key(self) -> Union[str, None]:
+        if self.path_template == "":
+            return self.field
+        regex = self.to_regex()
+        group_names = list(regex.groupindex)
+        # Only 1 named segment is allowed and so only 1 key.
+        return group_names[0] if group_names else self.field
+
+    @property
+    def sample_request(self) -> str:
+        """return json dict for sample request matching the uri template."""
+        sample = uri_sample.sample_from_path_template(
+            self.field, self.path_template)
+        return json.dumps(sample)
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class RoutingRule:
+    routing_parameters: List[RoutingParameter]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def try_parse_routing_rule(cls, routing_rule: routing_pb2.RoutingRule) -> Optional['RoutingRule']:
+        params = getattr(routing_rule, 'routing_parameters')
+        if not params:
+            return None
+        params = [RoutingParameter(x.field, x.path_template) for x in params]
+        return cls(params)
+
+
 @dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
 class HttpRule:
     """Representation of the method's http bindings."""
@@ -788,59 +902,18 @@ def sample_from_path_fields(paths: List[Tuple[Field, str, str]]) -> Dict[str, An
             Returns:
                   A new nested dict with the templates instantiated.
             """
-
             request: Dict[str, Any] = {}
 
-            def _sample_names() -> Iterator[str]:
-                sample_num: int = 0
-                while True:
-                    sample_num += 1
-                    yield "sample{}".format(sample_num)
-
-            def add_field(obj, path, value):
-                """Insert a field into a nested dict and return the (outer) dict.
-                 Keys and sub-dicts are inserted if necessary to create the path.
-                 e.g. if obj, as passed in, is {}, path is "a.b.c", and value is
-                 "hello", obj will be updated to:
-                  {'a':
-                     {'b':
-                      {
-                      'c': 'hello'
-                      }
-                     }
-                  }
-
-                Args:
-                  obj: a (possibly) nested dict (parsed json)
-                  path: a segmented field name, e.g. "a.b.c"
-                    where each part is a dict key.
-                  value: the value of the new key.
-                Returns:
-                      obj, possibly modified
-                Raises:
-                      AttributeError if the path references a key that is
-                  not a dict.: e.g. path='a.b', obj = {'a':'abc'}
-                """
-
-                segments = path.split('.')
-                leaf = segments.pop()
-                subfield = obj
-                for segment in segments:
-                    subfield = subfield.setdefault(segment, {})
-                subfield[leaf] = value
-                return obj
-
-            sample_names = _sample_names()
+            sample_names_ = uri_sample.sample_names()
             for field, path, template in paths:
                 sample_value = re.sub(
                     r"(\*\*|\*)",
-                    lambda n: next(sample_names),
+                    lambda n: next(sample_names_),
                     template or '*'
                 ) if field.type == PrimitiveType.build(str) else field.mock_value_original_type
-                add_field(request, path, sample_value)
+                uri_sample.add_field(request, path, sample_value)
 
             return request
-
         sample = sample_from_path_fields(self.path_fields(method))
         return sample
 
@@ -982,6 +1055,18 @@ def field_headers(self) -> Sequence[str]:
 
         return next((tuple(pattern.findall(verb)) for verb in potential_verbs if verb), ())
 
+    @property
+    def explicit_routing(self):
+        return routing_pb2.routing in self.options.Extensions
+
+    @property
+    def routing_rule(self):
+        if self.explicit_routing:
+            routing_ext = self.options.Extensions[routing_pb2.routing]
+            routing_rule = RoutingRule.try_parse_routing_rule(routing_ext)
+            return routing_rule
+        return None
+
     @property
     def http_options(self) -> List[HttpRule]:
         """Return a list of the http bindings for this method."""

gapic/templates/%namespace/%name_%version/%sub/services/%service/client.py.j2

@@ -478,8 +478,31 @@ class {{ service.client_name }}(metaclass={{ service.client_name }}Meta):
         # Wrap the RPC method; this adds retry and timeout information,
         # and friendly error handling.
         rpc = self._transport._wrapped_methods[self._transport.{{ method.name|snake_case}}]
-        {% if method.field_headers %}
 
+        {% if method.explicit_routing %}
+        header_params = {}
+        {% for routing_param in method.routing_rule.routing_parameters %}
+        {% if routing_param.path_template %} {# Need to match. #}
+
+        routing_param_regex = {{ routing_param.to_regex() }}
+        regex_match = routing_param_regex.match(request.{{ routing_param.field }})
+        if regex_match and regex_match.group("{{ routing_param.key }}"):
+            header_params["{{ routing_param.key }}"] = regex_match.group("{{ routing_param.key }}")
+
+        {% else %}
+
+        if request.{{ routing_param.field }}:
+            header_params["{{ routing_param.key }}"] = request.{{ routing_param.field }}
+
+        {% endif %}
+        {% endfor %} {# method.routing_rule.routing_parameters #}
+
+        if header_params:
+            metadata = tuple(metadata) + (
+                gapic_v1.routing_header.to_grpc_metadata(header_params),
+            )
+
+        {% elif method.field_headers %} {# implicit routing #}
         # Certain fields should be provided within the metadata header;
         # add these here.
         metadata = tuple(metadata) + (
@@ -491,7 +514,7 @@ class {{ service.client_name }}(metaclass={{ service.client_name }}Meta):
                 {% endfor %}
             )),
         )
-        {% endif %}
+        {% endif %} {# method.explicit_routing #}
 
         # Send the request.
         {%+ if not method.void %}response = {% endif %}rpc(

gapic/templates/tests/unit/gapic/%name_%version/%sub/test_%service.py.j2

@@ -756,7 +756,45 @@ async def test_{{ method_name }}_async_from_dict():
     await test_{{ method_name }}_async(request_type=dict)
 
 
-{% if method.field_headers and not method.client_streaming %}
+{% if method.explicit_routing %}
+def test_{{ method.name|snake_case }}_routing_parameters():
+    client = {{ service.client_name }}(
+        credentials=ga_credentials.AnonymousCredentials(),
+    )
+
+    {% for routing_param in method.routing_rule.routing_parameters %}
+    # Any value that is part of the HTTP/1.1 URI should be sent as
+    # a field header. Set these to a non-empty value.
+    request = {{ method.input.ident }}({{ routing_param.sample_request }})
+
+    # Mock the actual call within the gRPC stub, and fake the request.
+    with mock.patch.object(
+            type(client.transport.{{ method.name|snake_case }}),
+            '__call__') as call:
+        {% if method.void %}
+        call.return_value = None
+        {% elif method.lro %}
+        call.return_value = operations_pb2.Operation(name='operations/op')
+        {% elif method.server_streaming %}
+        call.return_value = iter([{{ method.output.ident }}()])
+        {% else %}
+        call.return_value = {{ method.output.ident }}()
+        {% endif %}
+        client.{{ method.name|snake_case }}(request)
+
+        # Establish that the underlying gRPC stub method was called.
+        assert len(call.mock_calls) == 1
+        _, args, _ = call.mock_calls[0]
+        assert args[0] == request
+
+    _, _, kw = call.mock_calls[0]
+    # This test doesn't assert anything useful.
+    assert kw['metadata']
+    {% endfor %}
+{% endif %}
+
+
+{% if method.field_headers and not method.client_streaming and not method.explicit_routing %}
 def test_{{ method_name }}_field_headers():
     client = {{ service.client_name }}(
         credentials=ga_credentials.AnonymousCredentials(),